Electrochemical hydrogen storage in porous carbons with acidic electrolytes: Uncovering the potential

Electrochemical hydrogen storage in porous carbon materials is emerging as a cost-effective hydrogen storage and transport technology with competitive power and energy densities. The merits of electrochemical hydrogen storage using porous conductive carbon-based electrodes are reviewed. The employment of acidic electrolytes in such storage systems is compared with alkaline electrolytes. The recent innovations of a proton battery for smaller-scale electricity storage, and a proton flow reactor system for larger (grid)-scale storage and bulk export of hydrogen produced from renewable energy, are briefly described. It is argued that such systems, along with variants proposed by others, all of which rely on electrochemical hydrogen storage in porous carbons, can contribute to the search for energy storage technologies essential for the transition to a zero-emission global economy.     

基于学科能力视角的江苏高考化学试题研究

以化学学科能力模型为依据,确定化学学科能力评价指标,并以此为基础,对2008-2020年江苏高考化学试题学科能力要求进行分析,得出江苏卷对于化学学科能力的考查特点及变化趋势,并提出了相关教学建议。     

非对称场流分离技术在蛋黄浆质低密度脂蛋白粒径表征中的应用

通过自组装的非对称场流分离系统(AF4)与紫外可见光检测器联用分离表征了笼养鸡蛋、柴鸡蛋、鹌鹑蛋和鸭蛋蛋黄浆质中的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)。在近似蛋黄浆质生理条件下,研究了进样量、交叉流流速、膜的类型对AF4蛋黄浆质中LDL分离表征的影响;考察了该方法的精密度。在优化的AF4分析条件下,检测出了笼养鸡蛋、柴鸡蛋、鹌鹑蛋和鸭蛋蛋黄浆质中LDL的水力学粒径分布。LDL的AF4洗脱峰高和峰面积的日内精密度分别为1.3%和1.9%(n=7),日间精密度分别为2.4%和2.3%(n=7)。研究结果表明,该方法可用于分离禽类蛋黄浆质中的LDL,同时能够得到LDL水力学粒径分布。     

正交试验结合响应面法优化诃子多糖提取工艺

采用正交试验结合响应面法优化诃子多糖的提取工艺,以诃子多糖的提取率为指标,以固液比、提取温度、提取时间和提取次数为因素,正交试验初步筛选工艺参数,响应面法做进一步优化.结果表明,多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为固液比1∶28,提取温度69℃,提取时间1h,提取次数3次,各项指标相对误差均小于2%,应用响应面法可减少诃子多糖提取时间.     

A Turn‐On Fluorescence Chemosensor for Cyanide in Aqueous Media Based on a Nucleophilic Addition Reaction

We synthesized a new cyanide (CN ⁻) chemosensor CX based on a nucleophilic addition reaction prompted by cyanide ion, which could be used for highly selective and sensitive fluorescence turn‐on detection of cyanide in aqueous media. The CX showed selective fluorescence recognition for CN ⁻, the miscellaneous competitive anions (F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, AcO ⁻, H₂PO₄⁻, HSO₄⁻, ClO₄⁻, S^{2 −}, PO₄³⁻, CO₃²⁻ and SCN ⁻) did not lead to any significant interference. The detection limit of the sensor towards CN ⁻ is 1.15 × 10⁻⁷ mol•L⁻¹. The sensor has been successfully applied to estimate the cyanide ion in seeds of cherries. Test strips based on CX were fabricated, which could be used as a convenient and efficient CN ⁻ test kit to detect CN ⁻ in aqueous solution for “in‐the‐field” measurement.     

重力场流分离系统用于聚苯乙烯颗粒的分离条件优化

重力场流分离是最简单的场流分离(gravitational flow-field fractionation,GrFFF)技术,常用于分离粒径几微米到几十微米的颗粒及生物样品。利用自组装加工的重力场流分离仪器分离3种不同粒径(3、6、20μm)的聚苯乙烯(PS)颗粒。自制了一种混合表面活性剂,并与商品化的表面活性剂FL-70进行了比较。通过均匀设计优化流速、混合表面活性剂中聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)的质量分数、载液黏度、停流时间等分离条件,以分离度(Rs)和保留比(R)为评价指标,发现FL-70的分离效能略优于自制的混合表面活性剂,可实现3种PS颗粒的完全分离(Rs1为1.771,Rs2为2.074)。结果表明该系统具有良好的分离性能。     

常压敞开式质谱离子源发展趋势

近年来常压敞开式离子源凭借快速、原位、实时离子化样品等优势,被广泛应用于样品快速筛查、真伪鉴定、质谱成像等领域,已成为当今离子源的研究热点,受到了学术界及仪器制造、化学和生物分析等相关产业界的广泛关注。目前,该类离子源朝着克服基体效应、提高样品表面定位能力及增加离子传输距离等方向发展。本文主要介绍了可以很好解决上述问题并具有代表性的三种常压敞开式离子源:电喷雾萃取离子源(EESI)、介质阻挡放电离子源(DBDI)及空气动力辅助离子源(AFAI),重点涉及原理以及在此基础上所做的设计改进和应用进展。     

Fabrication of Photoelectrochemical Glucose Biosensor in Flow Injection Analysis System Using ZnS/CdS‐Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Electrode

In this work, a photoamperometric glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase (GODx) was developed in flow injection analysis (FIA) system using ZnS‐CdS quantum dot (QD) modified multiwalled carbon nanotube/glassy carbon electrode (ZnS‐CdS/MWCNT/GCE). Cyclic voltammograms of the proposed electrode (GODx/ZnS‐CdS/MWCNT/GCE) showed a pair of well‐defined reversible redox peak attributing that direct electron transfer between the protein and electrode. The current of the reduction peak became more cathodic in the presence of O₂ due to the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode towards the reduction of dissolved O₂, but reduction current shifted to a less negative value upon addition of glucose in the solution. The obtained CV currents were affected by the irradiation of the electrode surface. Thus, the photoelectrochemical biosensing of glucose in the FIA system was studied by monitoring of the changes in the electrocatalyzed reduction peak current of dissolved O₂ at the proposed electrode dependent on glucose concentration. The proposed photoelectrochemical FIA method has a linear response to glucose ranging from of 0.01 to 1.0 mM with detection limit of 3.0 μM under optimized conditions. Photoelectrochemical biosensor was successfully fabricated in FIA system for selective, sensitive and repeatable detection of glucose and has been satisfactorily applied to determination of glucose in real sample.